"In a congressional meeting about discrimination last year, it was reported that American universities spend less than 1 percent of their total athletic budgets on women's sports in 1971. Today, five years later and four years after Title IX, that figure is still not much more than 2 percent." Candace Lyle Hogan, New York Times, September 26, 1976.
HEW
After Mink and Green read the signed Title IX amendment, they were irritated. The broad language used basically stated nobody could be denied federally funded educational programs or activities because of sex. Mink knew there was going to be loopholes. She worked side by side with HEW through the rule making process in order to close any loopholes.
"Title IX which parallels Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, probably has caused more furor in this country than any other piece of legislation in the past decade. While the scope of Title IX is broad, much of the reaction has been entered around the area of athletics." Patricia L Geadelmann The U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) gave assistance. HEW took their time creating specifics for the law, and talked to high school and college coaches, parents, teachers, and women's groups.
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"HEW is not intending to force the development of women's programs in a mirror fashion of men's programs, but rather is encouraging the totality of the athletic programs to reflect an equality of opportunities for male and female students." Patricia L Geadelmann
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NCAA
"The more we go to the games and the more support that the women have, the stronger that Title IX becomes over time." Calvert.
Mr. Tower's Amendment
NCAA got Texas Senator John Tower to side with them concluding that men's teams got their money through ticket sales. They decided to attempt to pass the Tower Amendment so Title IX couldn't apply to schools that used ticket sales to fund athletics.
"If you say you're for Title IX, but you're against all the regulations that support it, that's like saying you're for swimming but you're against swimming pools, oceans and ponds." Al Feckto, an Attorney in Georgia In the end, Mr. Tower's plan did not get passed, but HEW said that they would take into account equipment prices for different sports. Finally on June 20,1974, Title IX specifics were announced. Starting the next day schools had to stop discriminating against women based on sex and create sports teams for them. |
"The regulations were finally effective July 21, 1975 after receiving President Ford's approval and surviving a 45 day review in Congress." Patricia L Geadelmann